الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي. الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي وأسراره الفيزيائية

UV ultraviolet is absorbed by the very outer layer of our skin which causes sunburn and skin cancer•
Example: Which has more energy, red light or blue light? Blue light has higher frequency with shorter wavelengths , so has more energy than red That is 300 million meters every second, or:• Ranges We like to think of the spectrum as having these ranges:• Speed of Light Electromagnetic waves travel at the "Speed of Light" at almost 300,000,000 meters per second to be exact: 299,792,458 meters per second in a vacuum

طيف كهرومغناطيسي

186,000 miles per second But the speed can be slower.

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Energy and Ionization Gamma rays, x-rays, and some ultraviolet waves have such high energy that they are "ionizing," meaning they can knock electrons out of atoms
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Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetism It is called "electromagnetism" because electricity and magnetism are linked: A changing electric field produces a magnetic field, a changing magnetic field produces an electric field,
مفهوم الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي وخصائصه وإستخداماته
some ultraviolet get all the way through: Imagine: if our eyes could only see X-rays the sky would be black! […] Herschel decided to measure the temperature just beyond the red of the spectrum in a region where no sunlight was visible
As Photons Electromagnetic radiation behaves as waves, but also behaves as packets of energy called Photons Rays X-rays and gamma rays at the high energy end To remember the energy and danger levels, think "Radio is low, but rays are like razors"
To his surprise, he found that this region had the highest temperature of all

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We can measure a photon's position and momentum.

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So electricity and magnetism are linked in an ongoing dance
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Wavelengths vs Frequency Activity Try this: Walk across the room in 5 seconds:• Remembering How to remember the spectrum? This makes atoms charged and more likely to form new chemical reactions, which can be harmful to our cells, killing them or changing them so they grow out of control and form cancer
فيديو الدرس: الطيف الكهرومغناطيسي
The spectrum is continuous with no sudden changes or boundaries
some microwaves get absorbed and heat us up• Here is the full electromagnetic spectrum: Higher frequency rate of vibration has more energy and shorter wavelength Each photon has a wavelength So it is like a particle and also like a wave
But how waves interact with matter depends on their energy and the type of matter Example: Our Bodies• Gamma rays mostly pass through, but any that get absorbed may harm our cells by ionization see below So some waves pass right through our bodies, others get reflected or absorbed at different rates Photons have no mass, but each photon has a specific amount of energy that depends on its frequency number of vibrations per second

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Visible light goes "Roy G Bv": Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet• Einstein wrote about it: "It seems as though we must use sometimes the one theory and sometimes the other, while at times we may use either.

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Example: From The Sun A lot of the the radiation from the Sun gets reflected or absorbed by the atmosphere
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taking long steps "long wavelength"• This effect heads off through space at the fastest speed possible: the speed of light
طيف كهرومغناطيسي
It goes: Radio, Micro, Infrared, Light, Ultraviolet, Rays• This is called the "wave—particle duality"