صور قرقيعان. معركة بلاط الشهداء

Published in the UK as Why the West has Won Art of War in the Middle Ages A
Providence: Studies in Western Civilization v Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order

عيد الفطر

"100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present"• 1999 "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present"• Baudot, 1955, goes with October 17, 733.

3
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'Editors' Note', Cowley and Parker, 2001, p
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The Barbarian Invasions, page 441
عيد الفطر
Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power "History of the Reformation", vol
, Medieval Technology and Social Change, 1962, citing M Gilliard, The Senators of Sixth-Century Gaul, Speculum, Vol

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167, gives the traditional date of October 10, 732.

عيد الفطر
Classical Islam: A History, 600 A
معركة بلاط الشهداء
Decisive Battles of the World
معركة بلاط الشهداء
"Culture and Carnage: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power"• Moslem and Frank; or, Charles Martel and the rescue of Europe, Louis Gustave and Charles Strauss, page 122• Nonn, 'Das Bild Karl Martells in Mittelalterliche Quellen', in Jarnut, Nonn and Richeter eds , Karl Martel in Seiner Zeit, pp
In Robert Cowley and Geoffrey Parker Eds History of the later Roman Commonwealth, vol ii
The Reader's Companion to Military History p 87 citing the Vita Eucherii, ed

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Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to Empire.

10
عيد الفطر
Charlemagne: Father of a Continent
عيد الفطر
Waitz, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores XIII, pp
معركة بلاط الشهداء
The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe